English chemist who, with Richard E. Smalley and Robert F. Curl, Jr., was awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their joint discovery of the carbon compounds called fullerenes. These new forms of the element carbon contain 60 or more atoms arranged in closed shells. Fullerenes are formed when vaporised carbon condenses in an atmosphere of inert gas. The carbon clusters can then be analysed with mass spectrometry.
A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes. The first fullerene discovered was named buckminsterfullerene C60, made in 1985 in homage to Richard Buckminster Fuller, whose geodesic domes it resembles.
Kroto was born in 1939 in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England with his unusual name being of Silesian origin. His father changed the name to Kroto in 1955. He presently carries out research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/kroto-autobio.html
Niels Henrik David Bohr
Bohr was a Danish physicist who was the first to apply the quantum theory to the problem of atomic and molecular structure. For this work he received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. He developed the so-called Bohr theory of the atom and the liquid model of the nucleus. Bohr mentored and collaborated with many of the top physicists of the century at his institute in Copenhagen. He was part of a team of physicists working on the Manhattan Project. Bohr has been described as one of the most influential physicists of the 20th century.
Bohr was born in Copenhagen in 1885. He was of Jewish origin and when the Nazis occupied Denmark he escaped in 1943 to Sweden on a fishing boat. From there he was flown to England where he began to work on the project to make a nuclear fission bomb. After a few months he went with the British research team to Los Alamos in the USA where they continued work on the project.
Bohr married Margrethe Nørlund in 1912, and one of their sons, Aage Niels Bohr, also received the Nobel prize for Physics. Bohr died in 1962.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr
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